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Pharmaceutical engineering is a branch of pharmaceutical science and technology that involves development and manufacturing of products, processes, and components in the pharmaceuticals industry (i.e. drugs & biologics). While developing pharmaceutical products involves many interrelated disciplines (e.g. medicinal chemists, analytical chemists, clinicians/pharmacologists, pharmacists, chemical engineers, biomedical engineers, etc.), the specific subfield of "pharmaceutical engineering" has only emerged recently as a distinct engineering discipline. This now brings the problem-solving principles and quantitative training of ''engineering'' to complement the other scientific fields already involved in drug development. ==Academic programs== There are still relatively few academic programs with this explicit focus. The first one began at the University of Michigan, as a joint project between their College of Engineering and School of Pharmacy.() Because such programs are not yet common, many pharmaceutical engineers have had their formal engineering training in chemical or biomedical engineering. Most pharmaceutical engineering programs are graduate-level, and as with biomedical engineering there is generally an expectation that engineers and scientists working in pharmaceutical engineering should have some relevant graduate-level education. Many have a masters or PhD degree in chemical or biomedical engineering, or a related science. In Italy there is a university degree course (5 years) in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies (Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche), different from pharmacy, that ability as a pharmacist and different roles in the industry as an engineer (for the Italian legislation is not really an engineer though performs the same tasks). A new Master of Science in Advanced Pharmaceutical Engineering (ADPHARMING) will open in september 2016 (official accreditation n°20151034 by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, according to the decree of 10 july 2015, under the mention « Ingénierie de la Santé ») at Ecole des Mines d'Albi (Institut Mines-Télécom), a grande école d'ingénieur located south-west of France (), with a strong industrial and academic pharmaceutical network. This master provides a global vision of international regulations, drug and process development, advanced and innovative galenics, QBD, advanced manufacturing, lean management, PAT, quality and supply chain. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pharmaceutical engineering」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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